NEW DELHI: From being the people 's President to spearheading the development of the most important Indian missiles, late President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam has contributed to the development of the country in various spheres. Kalam worked with two major space research organisations in India as an aerospace scientist-the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). Though his work in the production and operationalization of AGNI and PRITHVI indigenous guided missiles won him the title of 'Missile Man of India,' there are many other ways in which Kalam has supported India in the science and technology division.

Here are five of his scientific contributions to the country on the 89th anniversary of the birth of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam:-

1. The project to build India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV) was directed

Dr Kalam's more than 10 years of hard work as the project director for the development of the indigenous satellite launch vehicle at ISRO led to ground-breaking scientific development back in the 1980s, when India had hardly dreamed of getting its indigenous satellite launch vehicle (SLV). It was in July 1980 that the Rohini satellite was successfully deployed by India's SLV-III in a near-Earth orbit, rendering the nation a member of the exclusive Space Club.

2. Projects for the production of ballistic missiles Guided

Kalam also led the Devil and Valiant programmes, which were intended to build ballistic missiles using the technology behind the successful SLV programme. With other programmes, members developed several missiles under Kalam's mission, including AGNI, an intermediate-range ballistic missile, and PRITHVI, a surface-to – surface missile.

3. Head of several nuclear tests in Pokhran

Kalam played a major role in heading the Pokhran-II nuclear test, acting as the Chief Scientific Advisor to the then Prime Minister, resulting in him becoming recognised at that time as the country's best nuclear scientist. During the time from July 1992 to December 1999, nuclear testing under the control of Kalam made India a nuclear-armed state.

4. He worked to make healthcare available to everyone.

The late President, working together with cardiologist Soma Raju, created a cost-effective 'Kalam-Raju Stent' coronary stent that helped to make healthcare available to everyone.

5. Created the rough 'Kalam-Raju tablet'

Later in 2012, the duo of Kalam and Soma Raju developed a rugged tablet computer for better health care administration in the country's rural pockets. It was named the 'Kalam-Raju tablet.' The 11th President was also given the highest civil honour of India or the Bharat Ratna for his work in the field of science and politics.

On July 27, 2015, Kalam breathed his last while delivering a lecture at the Shillong Indian Institute of Management when he collapsed and died from cardiac arrest. His achievements are still regarded as some of the country's best scientific and technical innovations five years after his demise.